The Mysterious Chtholly Tree: Exploring its Efficiency

As an OIer, you must be familiar with data structures that can make or break a competitive programming contest. The chtholly tree, invented by Algha_Porthos, is a relatively new and intriguing data structure that has gained popularity in recent years. In this article, we'll explore the complexity analysis of the chtholly tree and understand why it can be a powerful tool in your arsenal.

Firstly, let's consider the scope of the chtholly tree. It is best suited for situations where there are interval assignment operations and random data. The chtholly tree is not a typical tree data structure, but it is often used in std::set, which is implemented as a red-black tree.

The chtholly tree can achieve a complexity of O(n log log n) with random data. How is this possible? Let's dive deeper into the workings of this data structure.

The chtholly tree is essentially a merge tree with additional randomization. The merge tree is a data structure that represents a sequence of arrays and provides efficient support for merging two consecutive arrays. In the chtholly tree, we add randomization to this basic structure, which allows for efficient merging of sub-intervals. This randomization is achieved by randomly dividing the sequence into blocks of random sizes, with a minimum block size of 1.

This randomization leads to several benefits. Firstly, it allows for efficient merging of sub-intervals with a low overhead. Secondly, it allows for efficient searching and updates, as the blocks can be treated as separate entities. Finally, the randomization provides a degree of balance to the tree, which improves its overall efficiency.

In conclusion, the chtholly tree is a powerful data structure that can be highly efficient with random data. Its unique combination of merge tree and randomization allows for efficient interval assignment operations and searching/updates. By understanding the workings of the chtholly tree, you can add a new weapon to your competitive programming arsenal.

If you're interested in learning more about the chtholly tree, check out the original blog post by Algha_Porthos, or this detailed tutorial by Errichto. Happy coding!