Have you heard of the chtholly tree? It's a powerful brute force data structure invented by Algha_Porthos for interval assignment operations with random data. Despite its name, the chtholly tree doesn't actually look like a tree data structure, but it can achieve a complexity of O(n\log\log n) with random data.
So, what exactly is the chtholly tree and how does it work? Essentially, it's a data structure that stores intervals in a way that makes it easy to perform operations on them. The basic idea is to split each interval into multiple smaller intervals and store those smaller intervals separately. This makes it easier to manipulate the intervals without having to worry about overlaps or gaps.
One of the key benefits of the chtholly tree is its flexibility. It can handle a wide range of interval assignment operations, including insertions, deletions, and queries. This makes it a valuable tool for competitive programmers working on problems that involve interval operations.
If you're interested in learning more about the chtholly tree, check out Algha_Porthos's original blog post on the subject. They provide a detailed explanation of how the data structure works and offer several code snippets to demonstrate its use cases. You can also find additional resources on the Codeforces forum, where other programmers have discussed the chtholly tree and shared their own implementations.
Overall, the chtholly tree is a powerful tool for anyone working with interval assignment operations and random data. While it may not look like a traditional tree data structure, its flexibility and efficiency make it a valuable addition to any competitive programmer's toolbox.